Supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals article pdf available in nature 4286979. Liquid interfaces, liquid crystals and liquid clathrates 685 10. The synthesis and selforganizing behaviour into liquidcrystalline mesophases of two libraries of segmented block codendrimers are described. The book concentrates on a few wellchosen systems, describing them extensively and with enthusiasm. Hobbs3 1department of engineering materials, university of shef. Softmatter systems are another class of versatile materials that can exhibit quasicrystalline ordering across suprananometer 10 nm to supramicrometer. While a supramolecular assembly can be simply composed of two molecules e. We are undertaking research to explore the supramolecular assembly of molecules into new materials, using coordination chemistry usually to fasten the molecules together. Krongauz of the weizmann institute of science, in the nature paper, quasi crystals from irradiated photochromic dyes in an applied. The strength of the forces responsible for spatial organization of the system range from weak intermolecular forces, electrostatic charge, or hydrogen bonding to strong covalent bonding, provided that the electronic coupling strength remains small relative to the energy. The integration of supramolecular chemistry into polymer chemistry has challenged chemists to synthesize architectures that can fold into welldefined 3d frameworks, owing to the potential to comprehend fundamental biological processes e.
It is therefore important to be able to deliberately construct covalent and supramolecular architectures involving dendritic species. How izattchristensen award winners shaped the field by reed m. Predicting the structure of supramolecular dendrimers via the. Selfassembly and liquidcrystalline supramolecular organizations of semifluorinated block codendritic supermolecules izabela bury,a benoit heinrich,a cyril bourgogne,a georg h. Zeng x1, ungar g, liu y, percec v, dulcey ae, hobbs jk. Inspired by biological systems, supramolecular chemistry aims at developing highly complex chemical systems from components interacting by noncovalent intermolecular forces, and over last two decades has grown into a major domain of modern teaching, research and technology with a broad multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary characteristic. Supramolecular chemistry methods are widely used in chemical analysis, medicine, catalysis and photochemistry. Supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals xiangbing zeng 1, goran ungar, yongsong liu, virgil percec2, andre. Supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals nature. Crossref jan lagerwall and giusy scalia, carbon nanotubes in liquid crystals, handbook of liquid crystals, 140, 2014. It is particularly good on interfacial systems where the authors are clearly world leaders. Supramolecular architectures from bentcore dendritic molecules miguel cano, antoni snchezferrer, jos luis serrano, nlida gimeno, and m. A supramolecular photonic device porphyrins and tetrapyrrole macrocycles 2. Supramolecular selection in molecular and framework co crystals ii abstract one of the ongoing challenges in supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering is the development of methods for synthesising multifunctional crystalline materials that have predictable structural architectures and tunable solidstate properties.
Dendritic crystal an overview sciencedirect topics. Supramolecular definition is more complex than a molecule. Supramolecular chemistry within dendritic structures. Selfassembly of softmatter quasicrystals and their. Different from those fk phases in metal alloys where distinct sizes and electronic states of metal atoms are involved, many examples of fk lattices in soft. Supramolecular chemistry fundamentals and applications. Ever since the discovery of quasicrystals, periodic approximants of these. Applications in materials and organic electronics, pp. Covering an expanding and highly coveted subject area, supramolecular soft matter enlists the services of leading researchers to help readers understand and manipulate the electronic properties of supramolecular soft materials for use in organic optoelectronic devices, such as. All three phases have since been found in many dendritic and other. Since their selfassembly in water is greatly relevant for biomedical.
Random squaretriangle tilingsa model for twelvefoldsymmetrical quasi. Quasicrystalline ordering in thin liquid crystal films mdpi. It has been theorized that softmatter quasicrystals and approximants. Supramolecular chemistry is an uptodate, integrated textbook that tells the newcomer to the field everything they need to know to get started. Overall, then, this book presents a cheerful and optimistic picture of supramolecular chemistry. Supramolecular architectures from bentcore dendritic. Hierarchical selforganization of abn dendronlike molecules. Quasicrystalline ordering in thin liquid crystal films.
A brief introduction to the field of supramolecular chemistry. In recent years, fk a15 and sigma phases have been found in supramolecular assemblies by many soft materials including dendrimers, block copolymers, liquid crystals, colloidal particles, giant tetrahedra and giant surfactants, etc. Supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals, nature 428, 157160 2004. Disordered, quasicrystalline and crystalline phases of. Main concepts of the supramolecular chemistry are molecular selfassembly, molecular recognition and complexation, templatedirected synthesis, mechanically.
We take the concept of the creation of dendritic liquid crystals and apply it to the creation of new materials with single identifiable entities so that they are monodisperse or are single compounds. Self assembly and selforganization of supermolecular liquid. The underlying mechanism in most of these soft quasicrystals seems to be the. Sangeetha and uday maitra received 28th june 2005 first published as an advance article on the web 23rd august 2005 doi.
The structure of this liquid quasicrystal lqc is periodic in the. Research in our group falls under the theme of supramolecular materials. We have shown that the use of hydrogen bonding for the design of liquid crystalline materials is a versatile approach to the control of simple molecularly assembled structures and the induction of. Supramolecular crystals and crystallization are general concepts used to describe broader aspects of ordered structures and their formation in the threedimensional 3d bulk and solution and in 2d thin film states at length scales ranging from subnanometers to submicrometers. Jan 09, 2009 supramolecular chemistry is an uptodate, integrated textbook that tells the newcomer to the field everything they need to know to get started. Supramolecular architectures from bentcore dendritic molecules. The surprising recent discoveries of quasicrystals and their approx imants in. A large number of synthetic and natural compounds selforganize into bulk phases exhibiting periodicities on the 108106 metre scale1 as a consequence of their molecular shape, degree of. Molecular engineering of liquid crystals is an important issue for controlling the selfassembling ability and the selforganizing processes of single moieties into periodically ordered meso and nanostructures. Conspectussupramolecular dendritic polymers sdps, which perfectly combine the advantages of dendritic polymers with those of supramolecular polymers, are a novel class of noncovalently bonded, highly branched macromolecules with threedimensional globular topology. Metallicmean quasicrystals as aperiodic approximants of periodic.
Dendritic shapes of bulk and surface crystals usually appear as a result of strong differences in growth rates of different crystallographic planes, which often leads to fractal formation. Supramolecular discotic liquid crystals from wedge. It is one of todays fastest growing disciplines, crossing a range of subjects from biological chemistry to materials science. Moreover, ordered supramolecular assemblies can considerably enhance the functions of the single molecules, 5a, 5b. Supramolecular and dendritic liquid crystals request pdf. Novel types of order in soft matter have been discovered, including. Frankkasper, quasicrystalline and related phases in liquid crystals.
Jul 07, 2009 dendritic molecules capable of selfassembly have potential applications as liquid crystalline and electronic materials 35 40. Control of the selfassembly of small molecules to generate architectures with diverse shapes and dimensions is a challenging research field. Supramolecular definition of supramolecular by merriamwebster. Assuming little in the way of prior knowledge, the book covers the concepts behind the subject, its breadth, applications and the latest contemporary thinking in. Supramolecular chemistry is chemistry beyond the molecule the chemistry of molecular assemblies and intermolecular bonds. Structural and retrostructural analysis of supramolecular dendrimers revealed that biphenylpropyl ether dendrons selfassemble and selforganize into the same periodic lattices and quasi periodic arrays observed in previously reported libraries, but with larger dimensions, different mechanisms of selfassembly, and improved solubility, thermal. Molecular material properties depend upon the contacts between and the arrangement of the component parts, and therefore supramolecular chemistry has developed a highly important role in this area.
Supramolecular chemistry is the domain of chemistry concerning chemical systems composed of a discrete number of molecules. Crystals free fulltext quasicrystalline ordering in thin liquid. We show how functionality can be inbuilt into such materials so that selforganizing functional systems can be created with designer physical. Assuming little in the way of prior knowledge, the book covers the concepts behind the subject, its breadth, applications and the latest contemporary thinking in the area. A supramolecular assembly or supermolecule is a well defined complex of molecules held together by noncovalent bonds. Liquid crystals liquid crystals lcs are a state of matter that have properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal1, e. The notebook of dan shechtman dating the discovery of quasicrystals to 8 april 1982. Supramolecular crystals and crystallization with nanosized. Izatt editor august 2016, hardcover e book also available.
Within a certain domain, the molecules are well ordered. The pivotal text that bridges the gap between fundamentals and applications of soft matter in organic electronics. Supramolecular organization of dendritic supermolecules into. Supramolecular definition of supramolecular by the free.
Selfassembly of softmatter quasicrystals and their approximants. Pdf supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals researchgate. The synthesis and selforganizing behaviour into liquid crystalline mesophases of two libraries of segmented block codendrimers are described. Quasi crystals are supramolecular aggregates exhibiting both crystalline solid properties as well as amorphous, liquidlike properties selforganized structures termed quasi crystals were originally described in 1978 by the israeli scientist valeri a. However, the difference in growth rates for ge on si111 are not significant in the middle temperature range. The emphases are associated with the chemistry within dendrimers rather than on the periphery. Quasicrystalline ordering was first observed in synthetic multicomponent metallic alloys. Dendritic molecules capable of selfassembly have potential applications as liquid crystalline and electronic materials 35 40. The main classes of supramolecular compounds are cavitands, cryptands, calixarenes, hostguest complexes, rotaxanes, catenanes, and clathrates. This chapter describes reports on supramolecular interactions, i. Supramolecular chemistry hostgustchemistry is a branch of chemistry that examines the noncovalent interactions of molecules and the formation of noncovalent suprastructures. Supramolecular architectures of dendritic amphiphiles in. Supramolecular chemistry is an uptodate, integrated textbook that tells the newcomer to the field everything. There are many different types of liquidcrystal phases, which can be distinguished by their.
Zeng et al 2004 supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystals. Linear supramolecular pseudorotaxane polymers were formed with reversible chain extension in solution by selfassembly of two complimentary homoditopic molecules with secondary ammonium ion and dibenzo24crown8 moieties. We have shown that the use of hydrogen bonding for the design of liquid crystalline materials is a versatile approach to the control of simple molecularly assembled structures and the induction of dynamic function. Micelles, liposomes and liquid crystals can also be referred to supramolecular structures. Supramolecular chemistry supramolecular chemistry is a relatively new field of chemistry which focuses quite literally on going beyond molecular chemistry. Supramolecular definition and meaning collins english. These solid state materials exhibit quasicrystalline atomic ordering at nanometer length scales. Dendritic molecules are an exciting research topic because of their highly branched architecture, multiple functional groups on the periphery, and very pertinent features for various applications. The overall structure of the dendritic supermolecules consists of two chemically incompatible molecular moieties, covalently connected by combinatory crosscoupling dendrimers ii. Sandeep kumar, nanoparticles in the supramolecular order of discotic liquid crystals, liquid crystals, 10. Aligned carbon nanotubes in the supramolecular order of.
The wholly complexed selfassembling dendrimers were evidenced by 1h nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. It can be described as the study of systems which contain more than one molecule, and it aims to understand the structure, function, and properties of these assemblies. For instance, a liquid crystal may flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a crystallike way. Supramolecular selection in molecular and framework cocrystals ii abstract one of the ongoing challenges in supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering is the development of methods for synthesising multifunctional crystalline materials that have predictable structural architectures and tunable solidstate properties. Supramolecular chemistry american chemical society.